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2.2.2 SCREEN DEFINITION
When you are editing a file in PC-Type II, keep the
following diagram in mind.
The dots in the figure below represent the text of a
file being edited. The top of the file will always
display a "Start" line and the bottom of the file an
"End" line. These lines are not actually in the text
of the file, but serve as a reference.
┌───────────────────────────────────┐
│├───Start───┤ │
│...................................│
│........ Text .....................│
│...................................│
│....┌───────────────────┐..........│
│....│ Position one │..........│
│....│ │..........│
│....│ │..........│
│....│ ┌─────────┼─────────┐│
│....│ │ ││
│....└─────────┼─ ─ ─ ─ ─┘ ││
│..............│ ││
│..............│ Position two ││
│..............│ ││
│..............└───────────────────┘│
│...................................│
│├─── End ───┤ │
└───────────────────────────────────┘
Next consider the PC-Type II screen (your monitor),
superimposed upon the file. The screen will always
remain within the bounds of the file.
As you browse through your file, it is often easier to
consider the screen as moving over the file (e.g. from
position one to position two) rather than the file
moving inside your screen. Pressing the PgDn key can
be viewed as moving one screen down the file.
As you can see from this diagram, the file can be
larger than the screen. As you move the cursor to the
right, the screen will be dragged to the right
over the file until it reaches the right boundary of
the file (or the right margin). Moving the cursor to
the left behaves just the opposite.
15
Once inside PC-Type II, a screen like that shown below
will appear. It is important to know the names of the
various areas of your PC-Type II screen.
On the top line of the screen, the filespec of the
file currently being edited is displayed. The Status
area (described below), is also located on the top
line of your screen.
The area immediately below this top line is called the
"Text Area", and it is here that the text of the
current filespec is displayed.
░ current filespec ──┐
░ │
░ status area │
░ │ │
░
┌─> ░╔══1W ═════════════╡████╞══════════════════╗
│ ░║├───Start───┤ <── top of file ║
│ ░║ ║
│ ░║ █ ║
│ ░║ ║
text area░║ ║
│ ░║ ║
│ ░║├─── End ───┤ <── bottom of file ║
│ ░║ ║
│ ░║ left margin right margin║
└─> ░║ │ indent margin Tab stop │ ║
░║ ║
Tab line->░╟.L..^I...^..█.T....^....T....^....^....^R.╢
command line->░║██████████████████████████████████████████║
message line->░╨F1=Help F2=Menu F4=Quit...F9=Save F10=Exec╨
Below the Text Area is the "Tab Line". This line
displays the active margin settings and Tab stops.
(The column numbers are also displayed on this line
but have been omitted in the diagram). The position
of the cursor in the text area is also displayed on
this line (about column 13 in the diagram).
The "Command Line" is located beneath the Tab Line.
Pressing the Esc key will move you back and forth from
the Text Area to the Command Line. From the Command
Line, numerous PC-Type II commands, e.g. "CALCulate" or
"GOTO", can be issued.
Finally, at the bottom of your screen is the "Message
Line". Normally this line will display Function key
assignments as shown, but numerous other messages are
displayed here as well.
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There are numerous toggles which can be set within
PC-Type II. Their states are displayed in the "Status
Area" on the top line of the screen.
The diagram below describes the different toggle
settings which you might see in the Status area.
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Line spacing ─────┐┌───── Word wrapping │
│ Tab insert ────┐││┌──── Fill character │
│ Ins/Ovwrte ───┐││││┌─── Highlight type │
│ Macro user ──┐││││││┌── Drag toggle │
│ Macro flag ─┐││││││││┌─ Enter key mode │
│ ││││││││││ │
│ ││││││││││ │
│ ╔═════1═?═══════════ │
│ ║ YKIT2W LDX │
│ ║ M 3 ^B x │
│ |S \ │
│ | │
│ fill character │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┘
Each of these status indicators are meant as reminders
and are described below.
Macro flag: The keystroke macro status is displayed as:
(═) when no macros are being defined or running.
(Y) when a new keystroke macro is being defined.
(M) when a keystroke macro is running.
Macro user: The keystroke macro user status is displayed as:
(═) when no macros are running or when a macro is getting its
keystrokes from the macro buffer.
(K) when macro is running and user is supplying the keystrokes.
(See Ctrl K).
Ins/Overwrite: The text area insert/overwrite status is displayed as:
(═) when in Overwrite mode.
(I) when in Insert mode.
Tab insert: The result of pressing the Tab key is shown as:
(═) when pressing the Tab key will merely move the cursor to the
next Tab stop or margin.
(T) when pressing the Tab key will insert a Tab character into the
text and move all text to the right to the next Tab stop.
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Spacing: The status of the print spacing is shown as:
(1) if active Tab Line is defined as single spaced.
(2) if active Tab Line is defined as double spaced.
(3) if active Tab Line is defined as triple spaced.
Wrapping: Text wrapping status is displayed as:
(═) when Tab Line "wrap paragraph" toggle is turned off. In this
situation, when text is moved beyond
the right margin, the lines below in the paragraph
are not adjusted.
(W) when Tab Line "wrap paragraph" toggle is turned on. In this
case, the entire paragraph will
automatically be adjusted as characters are
inserted or deleted.
Fill character: There is always a default fill character. It is shown as:
(?) if the current "Fill character" is the question mark.
Highlight type: Text area highlighting status is displayed as:
(═) no area is highlighted in any file.
NOTE:ïif any of the letters below appear blinking,
ïit implies that only one extremity of the
ïhighlight area has been marked.
(L) line (or paragraph) highlighting is in effect.
(B) block highlighting is in effect.
(S) sentence (or word) highlighting is in effect.
Drag toggle: The drag toggle status is shown as:
(═) when the drag toggle is turned OFF.
(D) when the drag toggle is turned on. (The 'D' will
always be blinking to insure that you know this
toggle is turned on.) When this toggle is on, the
"fill character" will be placed in the text at the
location vacated by the cursor whenever an arrow
key is pressed.
Enter key mode: The current Enter key mode is shown as:
(═) when the Enter key merely causes the cursor to move to the
left margin of the next line.
(X) when the Enter key inserts a line below the current line
before moving to the left margin of the new line.
(x) when the Enter key inserts a line below the current line and
then moves to a position on the
new line below the leftmost character of the
current line.
(\) when the Enter key splits the line at the cursor. The cursor
then moves to the left margin where the text
previously to the right of the cursor was moved.
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2.2.3 MULTIPLE SCREENS / FILES
PC-Type II allows you to split your screen into multiple
windows from which you can view different parts of the
same file or different files. (See Section 5.17 in
Part II for details). Coupled with the EGA toggle
which allows you to change the number of rows on your
screen (up to 50 for VGA or 43 for EGA), this
capability proves to be quite powerful.
Splitting the screen vertically would result in the
following configuration.
╔═══════╡████╞═══════╤╤═══════╡████╞═══════╗
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
║ A ││ B ║
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
╟....^....^....^....^┴┴....^....^....^....^╢
║██████████████████████████████████████████║
╨ Message line ╨
When the screen is split, the cursor can be moved from
window to window with a single keystroke. The bar
dividing the windows can be moved as well.
You can split your screen into two, three, or four
sections. If the screen was split into four
parts and the dividing bars were moved to the
right and down, the result would look like:
╔═══════╡████╞══════════╤╤═════╡████╞══════╗
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
╟....^....^....^....^...┤├....^....^....^..╢
╠═══════╡████╞══════════╡╞═════╡████╞══════╣
║ ││ ║
║ ││ ║
╟....^....^....^....^...┴┴....^....^....^..╢
║██████████████████████████████████████████║
╨ Message line ╨
If multiple files are already loaded into PC-Type II, you
can move the cursor to a particular window and select
a different file to view in that window, or you can
edit a new file which will be loaded into that window.
The windows are independent. You can just as easily
look at four different portions of the same file.
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2.2.4 MENUS
Most of the menus in PC-Type II will have the form of the
menu shown below. The menu will normally appear in
the lower left-hand corner of your screen.
The left and right arrow keys will move the menu to
the left and right on your screen. You will thus be
able to move the menu out of the way in case it should
be covering any text you might want to see.
The up and down arrow keys will move the menu option
selection bar up and down. Home and End will move the
selection bar to the first and last option displayed
in the window. PgUp and PgDn scroll the list up or
down if there are more options than can be displayed,
and Ctrl PgUp and Ctrl PgDn move the selection bar to
the absolute first and last options.
Most of the menus will have the first letter of each
option enclosed in parentheses. To select an option
in the menu you can either move the selection bar with
the arrow keys to the appropriate choice and then
press the Enter key, or you can press the letter
enclosed in parentheses.
┌─────────────┐ In most instances, pressing 'X' will
│Menu Name: │ return you to the previous menu,
╞═════════════╡ whereas pressing the Esc key will
│(A)bc option │ return you directly to the Edit mode.
│(B)cd option │
│(C)de█option█│ Most of the menus contain a more
│(E)fg option │ detailed explanation of each option.
│... │ This is displayed on the Command Line
│... │ below the menu and refers to the
│(Z)zz option │ option on which the selection bar is
│e(X)it │ currently placed.
└─────────────┘
██explanation█for █(C)█████████████████
A special menu type is displayed containing filenames.
This menu type will appear when you want to GET or
EDIT a new file and place wildcards, e.g. file*.abc,
in the filename and/or file extension. With this menu
type, if you press the D key (for example), the
selection bar will move to the first file in the menu
whose filename starts with the letter 'D'.
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2.2.5 KEYSTROKES
PC-Type II contains numerous special keystrokes. Most of
the functions these keystrokes perform can also be
accomplished through the menus. However, as you grow
accustomed to PC-Type II, you will find it faster to use
a keystroke to perform a function than to go through
the menu system.
Keystrokes Alt-A through Alt-Z are used for keystroke
macros. F1 is used for Help, while F2, F7 and F8 are
used for special menus. F4 and F9 are used for
quitting and saving files.
The cursor keys work as expected. Most of the cursor
keys also have Ctrl counterparts - Ctrl right arrow
moves to the beginning of the next word to the right,
Ctrl up arrow moves to the beginning of the previous
paragraph, etc.
Most of the Ctrl-A through Ctrl-Z combinations are
used for special functions, and tend to use the letter
that matches the function. For example, Ctrl C is
used to (c)opy and Ctrl M is used to (m)ove.
For a detailed keystroke summary, see section 3.0 in
Part II.
It is useful to note that the following keystrokes
cannot be reached through the menus:
Ctrl W - Whoops key which restores a deleted line.
Alt + - Cross Hairs which highlight the row and
column of the current cursor position. (This
is useful for lining up columns of
information.)
Ctrl √ - Hard Space is interpreted as a space when
the file is printed. It is used to force two
words to be kept together on the same line of
text.
Ctrl . - Soft period is interpreted as a period when
the file is printed but not when a paragraph
is reformatted.
Ctrl K - Special pause keystroke only used in
keystroke macros.
Ctrl Y - Execute the keystroke macro currently in the
temporary buffer.
The available keystrokes in PC-Type II are briefly
described in the HELP screens when F1 is pressed and
the cursor is in the Text Area.
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2.2.6 DOCUMENT FILES
PC-Type II can read and save any normal ASCII file. (A
normal ASCII file is a file containing lines of text
followed by carriage returns and line feeds.)
In addition, PC-Type II has its own "document" file
format. A PC-Type II document file always has the file
extension, ".PCT". For example, SAMPLE.DOC is treated
as a normal ASCII file while SAMPLE.PCT is treated as
a PC-Type II document file.
The major difference between a PC-Type II document file
and a normal ASCII file is that the document file
contains the following special information in addition
to the text:
(1) Tabs, margins, and spacing (single, double,
triple). There can be multiple definitions within
a single document file.
(2) Page breaks. Page breaks can specify an absolute
page number, or a page number relative to the
current page. Conditional page breaks (insuring
that a block of text is not split between pages)
are also supported.
(3) Special Lines. Special Lines are markers within
the file which keep blocks of text from being
reformatted, or provide specific printer controls
such as turning headers and footers on or off,
marking areas of text which should not be printed,
and defining Mail-Merge parameters.
(4) Headers and footers. These markers in a document
file allow you to redefine headers and footers at
different locations within your file.
(5) Print markers. Print markers are stored in a
document file to define where printer functions
such as BOLD and ITALICS should be turned on and
turned off.
(6) File reminders. There is a one line reminder
which can be defined for a document file so that
you can see what information is within the file.
The DESC.EXE program will create a report from
these reminder lines.
If a document file is saved as a normal ASCII file,
all of the above markers are stripped from the file
before saving it to disk.
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2.3 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
When you use the INSTALL.EXE program, the details of
"where to copy which files" are taken care of for you.
However, it is a good idea to have an understanding of
how the different parts of the system work together.
PCT.EXE is the PC-Type II program. When you begin a
PC-Type II session, the program tries to find two files:
(1) PCT.HLP - this file contains all the text for the
help windows and screens. If PC-Type II cannot find
this file, then no help other than the standard
prompts, messages and warnings will be available.
(2) PCTYPE.PRO - this file contains all the
configuration information that PC-Type II must know
so that the settings you wish to use can be
remembered from session to session (e.g., screen
colors, default tabs and margins, etc.) If this
file cannot be found, then the defaults stored in
PCT.EXE itself will be used.
Inside the PCTYPE.PRO file are references to one or
more other files as well:
(1) PCTYPE.DIC - this file contains the dictionary
PC-Type II uses to check your spelling and to supply
alternative suggestions. PCTYPE.PRO should
contain the path and filename for this file so it
can be found and used.
(2) xxx.PRN - this type of file contains the printer
codes needed to support special printer functions
such as BOLDing and ITALICS.
(3) xxx.MAC - this type of file contains up to 25
keystroke macros which you can define as needed.
(4) xxx.IMP - this type of file contains the necessary
information for importing data from a data source,
e.g., PC-File, PC-Calc, etc.
If PCTYPE.PRO contains the file specification for any
files of type 2 through 4, they will be loaded when
you begin PC-Type II. ("XXX" means you supply your
own filenames for these files.)
The "Configuration Overview" in section 5.4 of Part II
of this manual contains more information. Except for
PCT.HLP, any of the files mentioned above can be
created and saved, or loaded from within PC-Type II.
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3.0 USING PC-Type II
This section is a tutorial to walk you through the
PC-Type II options you should get to know. A number of
files with the filenames "SAMPLE" have been included
on your distribution diskettes and should be in your
PCTYPE directory (or the directory you designated when
you ran the INSTALL program).
This tutorial should take about 15 minutes and we
recommend that you run through it. Obviously, not all
the capabilities of PC-Type II will be investigated, but
you should be able to use the program quite well when
you are done. To begin, make sure you are in the
directory \PCTYPE.
3.1 Starting PC-Type II
To get a quick look, just type PCT after the DOS
prompt and press the Enter key as:
C>pct
Once inside PC-Type II, press F4. That got you into (and
out of) an empty file with no name assigned.
Now try it again, but this time name a file which
doesn't exist. After the DOS prompt type PCT JUNKFILE
and press the Enter key as:
C>pct junkfile
You can now see the filename "JUNKFILE" at the top of
your screen. "JUNKFILE" is also an empty file. Now
press F4 again to exit PC-Type II. Of course, you could
have named the file in the first example or renamed
this file from within PC-Type II or during a save
operation.
We are now ready to look at a file with text. To do
this we will try one more wrinkle on loading files.
After the DOS prompt, type PCT SAMPLE.* and press the
Enter key as:
C>pct sample.*
You should now see a menu of files which begin with
the filename "SAMPLE". With the down arrow key, move
the highlight selection bar to the file named
SAMPLE.ESC and press Enter. This will load the file
SAMPLE.ESC into PC-Type II.
Now follow the instructions in 3.2.
24
3.2 Escape Key and Help
Assuming you got here from 3.1 above, you should be
looking at the file SAMPLE.ESC within PC-Type II.
This file gives you a quick look at how the Esc key
works and how to bring up your HELP windows. As with
all of these tutorial files, always exit them by
pressing F4 ("Quit") unless otherwise informed. This
way you will not change their contents and you can use
them again.
If you have modified the file in any way, PC-Type II will
ask you if you really want to quit without saving your
changes. Press Y in these cases and the quit
operation will be completed.
After following the instructions in the file
SAMPLE.ESC, press F4 and continue to the next section.
3.3 Cursor Movement
You should now be back at DOS and ready to try the
cursor movement keystrokes. After the DOS prompt type
PCT SAMPLE.CRS and then press the Enter key, as:
C>pct sample.crs
Follow the instructions in this file - it jumps all
over the place. Then exit the file with F4 as before.
NOTE:ïif you get lost in the file, hold down the Ctrl
ïkey and press the PgUp key. This will get you
ïback to the beginning of the file and its
ïinstructions.
Now you should be back at the DOS prompt, and ready to
investigate the Command Line and Menus by continuing
on to the next section.
25
3.4 Command Line and Menus
Again back in DOS, now load the file SAMPLE.CMD by
typing:
C>pct sample.cmd
This file will instruct you on how to execute commands
from the Command Line and how to navigate through the
menus. You will also see how to load multiple files
into PC-Type II and how to move from one active file to
another.
3.5 Editing
You now know enough about PC-Type II to begin entering
text. Load the file SAMPLE.TXT with the command:
C>pct sample.txt
The first portion of this file describes how to enter
text, delete and insert characters, split and join
lines, and reformat a paragraph.
Next, erasing, deleting lines, and the Whoops key are
investigated, followed by the simplest highlighting
method and copying and moving.
PC-Type II provides many move, copy and other operations
which can be performed on highlighted areas. For
details of these operations, please refer to Part II
of this manual.
3.6 Printing
Printing is discussed in SAMPLE.TXT. The file
instructs you how to print to a disk file called JUNK.
This entails displaying the PRINT OPTIONS window and
changing some of the printing parameters.
3.7 Quitting / Saving
Finally, SAMPLE.TXT investigates quitting and saving
files. The file SAMPLE.TXT is saved to a file with a
different name and then you will return to DOS. If
you are editing a file and want to periodically save
it to disk (a good practice), you use Shift F9 (or
the "(S)ave File" option available in the menu reached
by selecting "(Q)uit/Save" from the Main Menu).
26
3.8 Tabs, Spelling, Macros
The Tab options add a lot of versatility to your
word-processing toolkit, and the spelling checker,
"Fault Finder", is invaluable. Also macros provide
you with great power. For some examples of these
capabilities load the file SAMPLE.MSC by typing:
C>pct sample.msc
27
3.9 Mail-Merge
As the final portion of the Tutorial, a sample mail
merge has been included since this is such a useful
feature of a word processor. No instructions will be
given inside the file, so you must follow the
directions from this section of the manual.
Load the mail-merge file from DOS as:
C>pct sample.pct /I=sample.imp
You are now in a "mail-merge" file which has been set
up to read address data from a comma-delimited file
named SAMPLE.WS. This information is included in the
"import" file, SAMPLE.IMP, referenced in the mail
merge definition section at the beginning of the
SAMPLE.PCT file.
Look around the file a bit, and then go to the PRINT
OPTIONS menu by pressing F2, then P. If you want
to print the letters to your printer, set the target
file to LPT1 by pressing the Enter key, typing LPT1,
and then pressing Enter again. If you just want to
see mail-merge operate without printing, type NUL
instead of LPT1 for the target file. Finally, you can
send it to a disk file as before by entering JUNK as
the target file.
Next, make sure that the "Amount to print" line in the
window is set to "ALL". Do this by moving the
highlight bar to this line using the arrow keys, and
keep pressing the Enter key until "ALL" is displayed.
Now move to the "Mail-Merge" line and turn it ON by
pressing the Enter key until ON appears. Temporary
space is needed on a disk during Mail-Merge, so go to
the last field, "Disk with workspace", press Enter,
type the letter of the disk containing space, and
press Enter again.
All is now set. Press F10 to begin the process. The
first record found in SAMPLE.WS which agrees with the
search request defined in SAMPLE.IMP will be
displayed. Press X so that all records which match
the search request will be mail-merged.
There is an operator KEYIN buried in a file which will
be included with two records. When mail-merge stops,
and presents a field, type in whatever you want, e.g.,
"My-oh-my!!!" in the field provided and press Enter.
The process will then continue.
When the mail-merge is completed, press F4 and exit to
DOS.
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4.0 DEMO
A short DEMO has been installed in your PCTYPE
directory to show you some advanced capabilities of
PC-Type II. This DEMO is run from keystroke macros.
Start the DEMO at the DOS prompt as:
C>demo
NOTE: You must be in the PCTYPE directory for this
demo to work.
As the DEMO proceeds, it will frequently stop so you
can see what is happening. Press the Enter key to
let it proceed. Do not press any other keys or the
DEMO will not run properly.
29
PART II DETAILED REFERENCE SECTION
0.0 GENERAL
Part II of this manual contains the details of all the
PC-Type II capabilities.
Section 1: Summarizes all the menus and windows you will
encounter within PC-Type II. It is meant to be a quick
reference for finding how to get from point A to point
B within the menu system.
Section 2: Describes all the parameters which can be specified on
the DOS command line when starting PC-Type II. Most of
these parameters are useful if you begin PC-Type II from
.BAT files to specify alternative profiles, macros,
etc.
Section 3: Summarizes the keystrokes which are active within
PC-Type II. Most of these keystrokes are described in
greater detail later in Part II. A few, as noted,
are only described here.
Section 4: Describes the use of all commands (issued from the
PC-Type II Command Line) which are currently available
within PC-Type II.
Section 5: Contains the majority of information about PC-Type II.
This section is outlined in the same format as the
menus which they describe. Major menus contain
page numbers where their options are described.
Section 6: Describes the full functionality of PC-Type II's Mail
Merge.
Section 7: Describes the operation of the numerous utility
programs included with PC-Type II on your distribution
disks.
30